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For college students
interviewing for their first jobs, and anyone who hasn’t interviewed for
a job in a long time, interviews can be an especially stressful and
overwhelming experience. But they don’t have to be. Focus all your
energy and consider the following recommendations to give your best
interview and present yourself as the candidate of choice:
對第一次工作面試的大學生，和任何很久沒有被面試的人，面試，可以說是特別有壓力，和不可或忘的經驗。但他們不需要如此。集中能量去考慮，以下對你面談最好的建議，讓你能夠雀屏中選。
Start Off Strong
堅強地出發
Arrive at the location of your interview early – 10-15 minutes before
the appointed time. That way, you can put that final polish on your
appearance and be calm when you walk through the door. Greet everyone
you encounter with a smile and a firm handshake.
早點到達面談現場，比指定的時間早10~15分鐘。如此，你可以在走進面試大門前，最後潤飾一下外表，和冷靜一下。跟碰到的每一個人，微笑地打招呼，和來個堅實的握手。
Don’t Assume Anything
不要假設每件事
People often assume that the interviewer remembers what’s on their
resume and cover letter. Don’t fall into this trap. Ideally, the person
has had the time to focus on your application before the interview, but
all too often people are busy and this doesn’t happen.
人們經常假設主持面試者，會記住你所送的履歷表，和推薦信上寫些甚麼。不要掉進此陷阱。理想觀念上，人們會有時間在面試前，專注一下你的申請內容，但人們經常太忙，而甚麼事也沒發生過。
For example, your
interviewer may have interviewed a number of people that day. Maybe the
person received your application from a human resources professional
just before meeting with you. Or perhaps they read your resume the week
before and haven’t revisited it since. If you assume the person knows
what you have to offer, you will miss opportunities to present yourself
as the strongest candidate possible.
例如，那天，面試者可能已面試一些人。或許這人在與你會面前，已從人力資源部門那裏，收到你的申請內容。或許他們已在一周前看過你的履歷表，從那時候就不再看了。假如你假設這些人，已經知道你必定會為公司，有什麼樣的貢獻，你將會錯過呈現你自己為最有可能的候選人的機會。
When you greet the
interviewer, offer a copy of your resume. The person will likely have
your resume in hand and decline. Only insist if it’s an updated resume
with critical new information.
當你與面試者照面，提供一份你的履歷表。這人將可能因為手上有一份你的履歷表，而不想再一份。如果此履歷表是最新，而且有重要資訊的一份，你一定堅持要給那人。
It Doesn’t Have To Be About
Your Paid
Experience
付費經驗不是很需要
You don’t always have to have full-time
work in the specific field to show relevant experience or skills.
Internships or volunteer positions can provide the opportunities you
need to gain experience and demonstrate interest. When discussing your
skills, experiences and accomplishments, don’t hesitate to use relevant
anecdotes from all facets of your life. Even classroom activities, such
as group projects, can provide good examples to employers of how you can
contribute.
你不需要展現在某一項全職工作，來秀出相關的經驗和技能。實習或義工職位，可以提供你需要去得到的經驗，和展示愛好的機會。當討論到你的技能、經驗和成就，不要猶豫從你生活中，找出相關的趣聞。甚至課堂裡的活動，諸如團體討論計畫，可以像你要貢獻的雇主提供好的範例。
“Paid or unpaid experience
is irrelevant to me,” says David Coffey, executive director of the
Recovery Café, a nonprofit organization in Seattle, Washington. “What
I’m listening for is do they truly care about this or are they saying
what they think I want to hear, and what was the situation and how did
they handle it. Someone who has been in a challenging situation and
responded in a creative, dynamic way is the sort of person I want on my
team.”
「付費經驗或不付費經驗，對我而言不是很切題。」大衛•柯菲Recovery咖啡館的常務董事，一間華盛頓州西雅圖市的一個非營利組織，他說：「我正在傾聽的是，他們的確真的在意的此事，或他們在談論他們認為我想聽的，以及甚麼情況下要如何處理。一直處在接受挑戰的情況下，和以創造性，有活力＝哦方式回應挑戰是我的團隊裡想要的人。」
When Answering Questions
當回答問題時
When it comes
to interviewing, the key word is relevance. You always want to
respond to questions in the most relevant way. Don’t tell your life
story if the person asks about your background. Instead, mention only
those experiences, skills and other qualifications that would apply to
the job or organization. (See the accompanying article, “Answering the
Challenging Questions,” for examples.)
說起面試，關鍵字是切題。你總是想要以最切題的方式回應。假如這人問你有關你的背景，千萬別說出你的生活瑣事。取而代之是，只有提及那些經驗、技能、和你想申請工作，或組織的其他資格。(請參閱附錄文章『回答挑戰性的問題』)
Be sure you listen to the entire question before answering.
“Interrupting the interviewer with rehearsed chunks of information about
yourself can be perceived as being rude and not answering the question,”
says Helen Hindmarch, Manager of People & Performance for Deloitte
Touche Tohmatsu in Sydney, Australia. “Always ensure you take the time
to fully listen to the question being asked of you and ensure you do
your best to directly answer the question.”
回答問題前，確定你瞭解全部的問題。「排練了一堆有關你自己的資料來干擾面試者，這會被認為是粗魯，且沒有回答道問題。」海倫•英德馬許，位於澳洲雪梨Deloitte
Touche Tohmatsu公司的人資經理：「永遠要確實花時間，來全神傾聽你被詢問的問題，和盡你最大的精神，直接地回答問題。」
You also want to be
concrete and concise in your replies. Share specifics about things you
have done and relate those to how you can contribute to the
organization. Whenever possible, demonstrate your knowledge of the
organization by noting similarities between your background and the job
or the employer.
你也必須以堅定且具體正確方式回答問題。分享一些你己做的特別事蹟，來說明你如何能對組織有所貢獻。若情況允許，藉著對公司的瞭解，找出你的背景，與本項工作，或老闆的相似處。
Never answer questions in a
negative fashion, such as saying something bad about your current job,
supervisor or organization. If you don’t have experience in a specific
area, don’t lie, be defensive or apologize. Remember, you’re being
interviewed, so you have enough of what the employer wants. Instead,
talk about how you’re a fast learner and give a specific example of how
you developed a new skill or knowledge base quickly in the past. Or
offer ideas of how you would tackle the challenge.
千萬別以負面的方式回答問題，比說你目前工作、上司及單位一些不好的事。如果你沒有相關的經驗，不必隱瞞、辯解或抱歉。記得，你是被面試的，所以你已足夠具備雇主想要的資格。取而代之，說說你是快速學習者，給一個明確的範例，來說明過去你如何很快發展新的技能和知能，或提供你如何處理挑戰的想法。
Taking Notes Can Help
做筆記有幫助
Just as students take notes in their college classes, recording
highlights during the interview can be helpful for many reasons. Notes
can help you remember what was said when you evaluate the opportunity
more objectively later. It also provides specific information to
incorporate into personalized thank you letters. Just make sure your
notes are brief and you maintain eye contact throughout the interview.
就像在大學課堂上做筆記，面談時記錄重點，對許多原因是有幫助的。筆記可以幫助你記起你說些甚麼，當你之後評估機會更加客觀。它也提供明確的資訊，納入自製的感謝函理。筆記必須簡明，以及整個面談要保持眼神接觸。
Having a notepad with you
is helpful for other reasons. You can have your questions for the
interviewer written down to help you remember them. (See sidebar for
sample questions to ask.) You can also have a small list in the corner
of the page of the points you want to make about your background, which
will be the key relevant skills, experiences and accomplishments you
want to share. But don’t have your resume in front of you; you should
know that information without prompting.
你有筆記本是有幫助的另一個理由是，你可以寫下面試者的問題，來幫助你記起來。(看看與正文有關的花邊新聞做範例並詢問)你可以在重點頁面邊，做出你想要的小小的，你的背景表格，這將是你想要分享的關鍵切題的技巧，經驗和成就。但是履歷表不要放置在你面前，你應該知道那不夠及時有幫助。
Be Yourself
做你自己
“One of the most important recommendations for an interview is to be
authentic,” notes Emmy Yokoyama, country officer for the World Bank in
Lima, Peru. “Otherwise, you could be lost in the middle of the
conversation.” You want to be positive and enthusiastic, but your words
also need to sound natural. If you’re not being yourself, you won’t know
if you’re the right fit. Remember, it’s just as important for you to
decide whether you fit in there as it is for your potential employers to
decide. If they’re uncomfortable with the real you, then it’s a good
indication that you should keep looking.
「面試最重要的建議之一是可信度，」橫山愛咪，位於秘魯利馬市世界銀行，負責國家事務的官員，她說：「否則，你可能會在面試中被刷下來。」你想要處於正面且熱情的，但是你說的字眼聽起來要是自然的。要是你不做你自己，你將會不知道是否你是勝任的。記住，對你來說，這決定你是否適應那裡，就如同你的雇主的決定。假如他們不喜歡真實的你，那麼，它是很好的跡象，你應該繼續尋找面試。
However, you want to be
your most professional self at all times. Turn off all telephones and
other noisemakers. Stay focused on the interview and the interviewer.
然而，你想要一直處於最專業的狀態。關掉手機，和其它會產生聲音的東西，保持專注在面談和面試者。
“But don’t be too formal,”
adds Yokoyama. “I remember a candidate who was too formal and looked
nervous. I had a feeling he might collapse any moment and wanted to
finish the conversation quickly. And now that we use video conferencing
for interviews, it’s important for candidates to keep in mind that their
behavior can be amplified.”
「但不要太拘謹，」橫山加註：「我記得以前有一位面試候選人太拘謹和太緊張。我有一種感覺，他可能在任何時候崩潰，他也想要快點結束對話。現在我們使用視訊會議來面試，它對面試候選人記住他們的行為的重要性會增強。」
Final Thoughts
最後心得
Never discuss salary during the interview. You always want to wait until
you receive an offer before talking about money. You have more influence
when you know you’re the candidate of choice. If the interviewer tries
to mention salary-related issues, you want to redirect the conversation
to other topics so you aren’t caught in a negotiation before you even
have an offer.
在面試時千萬不討論薪水。要等到你接受這項工作時，再談論薪水。當你知道你是唯一被選中的人，你對薪水有更多影響力。假如面試者試著提及有關薪水的議題，你想要轉移話題，所以在你獲得這項工作之前，不會捲入這個話題。
Interviewing can be
stressful, but you can channel your nerves and be your best by
incorporating these strategies. Make the interview experience work for
you, and get that job!
面試是有壓力的，但是你可以疏通你的緊張，藉著合併這些策略，讓你做到最好。使你的面試經驗對你有用，得到工作。
Jennifer L. Blanck, ACS, AL,
is Assistant Dean of Career and Alumni Services for the Georgetown
Public Policy Institute, at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C.
She is the founder and current vice president education of the
Georgetown Toastmasters.
作者：珍妮佛。布蘭克，銀牌高級演講員及高級領導員，華府特區喬治城大學公共政策研究所，事業和校友服務的助理教務長。喬治城演講會創始人及現任教育副會長。
Editor’s Note:
This story is a follow-up to Jennifer Blanck’s article “Steps to a
Better Interview,” which ran in the September 2010 issue of the
Toastmaster magazine. You can find the article on the Toastmasters
website at
http://bit.ly/jblanck.
雜誌編輯註：這個故事是珍妮佛。布蘭克的文章《最佳面談步驟》的後續報導，此篇文章被刊登在
2010年九月份《Toastmaster
Magazine演講人雜誌》。你可以在
http://bit.ly/jblanck
找到此文章
(中文翻譯)
Sample Questions to Ask
Employers
詢問雇主問題範例
Ask questions to show serious interest and initiative. You can also gain
critical information about the job, organization, supervisor and
colleagues by asking questions, as well as demonstrate your knowledge of
the organization. Of course, you shouldn’t ask a question that is
obvious or for which an answer can be found on the organization’s
website.
詢問問題，是為了表現極感興趣和主動性。你也可以藉著詢問，知道一些這項職務、組織、管理階層、和同事的細節，也可以顯示你對組織的了解。當然，你不應該詢問一些理所當然，或在網路可以找到的問題。
Here is a list of useful questions to ask at a job interview:
這裡有在面試中有用的問題列表；
• What are the most important characteristics someone in this position
should have?
此職位上最應該具備的特色是哪些？
• What attracted you to your current position?
對目前的職務甚麼最吸引你？
• What do you enjoy most about your job?
你最喜歡你的工作的哪一部分？
• What do you expect from your staff?
你對職員最期待甚麼？
• What is your management style?
甚麼是你的管理風格？
• How would you characterize the management philosophy of this
organization?...of your department?
你如何將你的組織，或部門管理哲學變得有特色？
• What are
the current strengths and weaknesses of the staff that would report to
me?
你可以告訴我，目前員工有甚麼優點和缺點？
• How has this organization changed in the past, and where does it
expect to go in the future?
過去組織如何已做出改變？未來又期待組織走向何處？
• What is the top priority of the person who accepts this job? How will
she or he be judged in 6-12 months?
一個人接受這份工作，最優先考慮的是甚麼？如何在6~12個月內做出判斷?
• What
opportunities are available for professional development?
你們專業發表有那些機會?
• Why are you hiring for this position?
為何你要聘用此職位?
• What are
the next steps in this selection process?
遴選過程的下一階段是甚麼?
• What is the
timeline for hiring?
何時是聘用的時間期限?
• When can I expect to hear from you?
我何時可以聽到工作的好消息?
Answering the
Challenging Questions 回答挑戰性問題
Jennifer L.
Blanck, ACS, AL珍妮佛。布蘭克，銀牌高級演講，高級領導員
Certain questions pose problems for people, even if they are expected.
Here are some examples, along with recommended approaches to responding:
某些問題對人們造成困擾，既使這些事是他們所期待的。這裡有一些範例，以及建議的回答方法。
Q: Tell me about yourself.
自我介紹一下你自己
This is a “starter” question – often asked at the beginning of the
interview. Many people are overwhelmed by this question and answer in a
very basic, literal or chronological way. On general questions like
this, you especially want to consider what’s relevant and reply with
that. Don’t mention where you grew up or where you went to college.
Instead, give a summary statement of the skills, experiences and
accomplishments you have to offer that directly relate to the job,
employer or interviewer.
這是個「起始」的問題-經常在面試開始時詢問。許多人被此問題打敗，回答的很基本，照本宣科，缺乏創意。一般這種問題。你特別地想要考慮切題來回覆。不要回覆你在哪長大、讀哪一間大學。取而代之，給與摘要說明,你會對工作提出貢獻，雇主或面試者直接相關的技能，經驗和成就。
Q:
What is your greatest weakness?
甚麼是你最大弱點？
For many people, this is the dreaded question. As with all questions,
you want to reply honestly, but you also want to present yourself as
strongly as possible. Pick a weakness that is really a strength, or that
is irrelevant to the position, or that shows you have learned something
in the past and demonstrates your growth. Do not give a weakness that is
key to the position.
對許多人，這是另人畏懼的問題。對於所有問題，你想要誠實回答，但你也要盡可能表現出你自己的優勢。挑些實際上是優勢的缺點，或與職位不切題的弱點，或表現你過去學過的東西，展現出你的成長。千萬不要談跟職位有關的關鍵弱點。
Why does an interviewer ask this question? Sometimes because it’s
expected, or she or he was asked it during an interview. The interviewer
might want to see if you have prepared thoroughly for the interview or
if you’re arrogant (“I don’t have any weaknesses”). Of course, some
interviewees might reply with information that provides real insight
into their candidacy.
為何面試者會問這個問題？有時因為它是被期望詢問，或她/她在面試中被問到此問題。面試者可能想看看，是否你已準備好面試，或你很自大(「我沒有任何缺點」)。當然，一些被面試者可能提供真實的洞察力訊息，且回應在他們的候選資格裡。
Q:
Where do you see yourself in five years? … in 10 years?
你在五年內，十年內的成就在哪裡？
This can be a tough question if you haven’t done your research. Many
people automatically think they have to answer with a specific position.
You can, but you can also reply in other ways. You can talk about
advancing in the overall field or taking on leadership roles at the
organizational or industry level. Of course, your answer needs to be
logical for you and for the job, organization or field in question.
如果你沒有準備好你的研究，這會是棘手的問題。許多人自發性的認為，他們必須回答很明確的職位。你可以如此做，但是你也可以用其他方式回應。你可以談論你全方位的進展，或承擔組織內，或企業階層的領導角色。當然你的回答必須與你、工作、組織、或問題領域有邏輯性。
Q:
Do you have any questions for me?/Is there anything else you would like
to talk about?
你有任何問題想要詢問我嗎？有任何其他事情想要討談論的嗎？
If you haven’t had the chance to ask questions, now is the time. If you
haven’t addressed one of the key points you wanted to, now is also the
time.
假如你沒有機會問問題，現在正是時候。假如你還未說到其中一項你的重點，現在正是時候。
If you have asked all your questions and don’t have anything else to
add, don’t just answer “no.” Instead, you could reply that the
interviewer has answered all your questions and you appreciate the
opportunity to interview. If you’re still interested in the job, mention
you are even more interested in the position now and you hope to be
joining the team, getting the job, advancing to the next interview round
or moving to whatever the next step is.
假如你已問完你的你的問題，沒有任何想補充的，不要只是說「不」。取而代之，你可以回應面試者，回答妳的全部問題，和感激面試者有面談的機會。假如你仍對工作有興趣，提一提現在你對工作職位多有興趣，和你希望加入團隊哩，得到工作有助於下次面談的進展，或下次的任何步驟的進行。
Q:
Why should I hire you?
為何我應該雇用你？
This is the “million dollar” question and something to which you must
have a ready answer. It’s the wrap-up version of the “Tell me about
yourself” query. This is the time when you present a summary statement
of what you have to offer the job and organization. The major difference
in this answer is that you want to incorporate anything you’ve learned
during the interview into your reply.
For example, you started the interview assuming your project management,
research and analysis skills were the most important. However, during
the interview, you realized that communications skills are also
essential. Highlight your communications skills during the rest of the
interview and the wrap-up.
這是「百萬美元」的問題，某些事情是你必須準備好答案。它是疑問句「介紹一下你自己」的最後總結版本。這正是你呈現你對工作，和公司的所要貢獻的概略說明。這個答案的主要差異，在你想要融入你已在面談學到的任何事到你回覆裡。例如，你開始你的面試，假設你的企劃管理，研就，分析技能是最重要的。然而，面試中，你了解到溝通技巧是必須的。在面試的其它時間，強調你的溝通技巧來做總結。
譯者：鄭小玲
Sherry, 新竹英語演講分會 |
